The Symbolism Of The Journey

The Symbolism Of The Journey The imageries in the sonnet The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost and the short story I Used to Live Here Once by Jean Rhys have a comparable relevant good perspective. Each bit of writing speaks to an excursion that is taken by the character. The differentiations of the two abstract works are the subject and tone of the works. The examination of the two works use the third individual perspective. The third individual view variety in The Road Not Taken is the usage of the target perspective. As indicated by Clugston, 2010, The third individual method is utilized in both the sonnet The Road not Taken and the short story I Used to Live Here Once; which is effective in permitting the peruser to understand, sympathize picture each part of the excursion and how it was managed it. (Fuel Locations 2423-2439) According to Clugston, 2010, these abstract works use An outside storyteller who makes a confined way to deal with the move and characters, ordinarily to make an emotional impact, and does n't go into their brains is utilizing a target perspective. (Ignite Locations 2437-2439) The moral story and theme parts of imagery utilized in both; I Used to Live Here Once, and The Road Not Taken give understanding in to the characters present and previous existence. Another imagery in the story I Used to Live Here Once, is the after death suggestion. This story suggests the character has moved from life to death. It investigates what the perished is feeling and what they are encountering in the afterlife. Another distinction between the sonnet and the short story is the writer Jean Rhys composes with a grave tone, thinking about death and existence in the wake of death. The portrayal of the characters position uncovers the dismalness of her soul. Her arms tumbled to her sides as she watched them stumbling into the grass to the house. That was the first occasion when she knew. (Fuel Locations 3792-3795) This is additionally the second she understands she has traversed. While the sonnet The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost speaks to life and its decisions to example or build your life by or after. At that point took the other, as similarly as reasonable, And having maybe the better case, Because it was lush and needed wear; Though with respect to that the going there Had worn them extremely about the equivalent. (Fuel Locations 783-784) The near abstract works utilize allegorical imagery all through the substance. The utilization of these similitudes is extremely shortsighted. As per Aragno, 2009, The traditional perspective on analogy (since Aristotle) as a result of language㠢ë†â€™the gadget of dramaturges and product of the idyllic imagination㠢ë†â€™has offered path to a cutting edge comprehension of representation as the manner in which we at first procedure and lucid new ideas. (p. 1) In the similar writing the figurative imagery is spoken to in an unexpected way. In the sonnet by Frost, the representation is described by trees and streets. Two streets wandered in a yellow wood, And sorry I was unable to travel both And be one explorer, long I stood And looked down one as far as Possible To where it bowed in the undergrowth. (Fuel Locations 778-780) The moral story idea is shown through the whole sonnet, which is a portrayal of the ethical part of decisions and choices that are a factor of life. The sonnet deduces two phases of life, more youthful and more established. Ice utilizes fundamental purposeful anecdote references to stress his point and view. I will be telling this with a moan Somewhere ages and ages subsequently: Two streets separated in a wood, and I-I took the one less went by, And that has had a significant effect. (Ignite Locations 791-793) According to George, 1991 Readers of The Road Not Taken have been cautioned by Frost himself against easygoing readings; he expressed that the sonnet is extremely precarious and that its unpretentious joke contains a hit. (p. 230) This purposeful anecdote reference in the sonnet permits the peruser to memory on close to home decisions that were made during comparable periods and stages throughout everyday life. In like manner in the short story I Used to Live Here Once additio nally, permits the peruser to imagine dã ©jã vu encounters experienced during life. Compliant with George, 1991, the abstract speaker of this sonnet alludes to a more seasoned form of self whom he assaults. From various perspectives the speaker more established and more youthful selves are similar. (p. 230) This theme is like the short story theme where the speaker alludes to life and demise. Every speaker is alluding to an excursion in life that must be taken, regardless of whether needed or not. Both artistic works utilize a subconscious imagery that reverberates inside the peruser. These scholarly works both actualize a figurative and persona reference of the creator. In accordance with Wolfe, 1977, In the short story I Used to Live Here Once, Rhys returns in soul to the Caribbean home she had returned to tangibly in the third story of the book, The Bishops Feast, a depiction of her first homecoming, as a moderately aged lady, in a quarter century. This is representative of the outskirt she has quite recently crossed, and taking a gander at the neighborhood tourist spots. (p 300) The persona procedure used all through the sonnet and short story permits the peruser to propose appearances of the character from the account topic. As indicated by Newman, 2009, anecdotal characters are completely implanted in their discrete anecdotal settings, their understandability is developed by the use of surrounding standards their examination imparts to our comprehension of genuine people. Newman further cases that anecdotal characters, notwithstanding profiting intellectually from the projection of genuine world structures onto them, add to our comprehension of real world setups by restoring the projection back to their true models. (p. 73) This idea along these lines gives belief to numerous perusers conceptualizing the characters relationship to the creators. Each artistic work bears some similarity in a phase of the creators life cycle. There is a relative shared characteristic of the repetitive theme of different delineations of natural and new articles in both artistic works. As per Aragno, 2009, After Goethe, he demonstrated that logical, just as scholarly, keenness may communicate through wonderful symbolism: the sign of this indispensable, lively envisionment is that it results from the adjusted, imaginative spectators endeavors to concretize and pass on new examples of comprehension. (p. 31) This nonstop utilization of imagery permits the peruser to conceptualize various parts of life. By consistently seeing various viewpoints the peruser acquires fluctuated explanations of the sonnet. As indicated by Gibbs, 2011, Allegory is a psychological activity wherein individuals apply a figurative method of comprehension to circumstances and talk that commonly doesn't contain allegorical language fundamentally. My case is that allegoresis is definitely not a particular method of understanding, however a central human drive to draw different associations among concrete and increasingly theoretical experience. (p. 121) This hypothesis generally would represent perusers understanding of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken as a delineation of just one period of lifes laments. When in fact the sonnet is intelligent of lifes whole excursion; it resembles investigating a mirror at whats behind you. Review this equivalent guideline with Jean Rhyss I Used to Live Here Once, perusers must depend just on the theoretical experience to close the characters passing. This corresponding utilization of the moral story subject permits the essayist to attract the peruser for investigation of the sonnet or storys relevant and theoretical importance. One relative position for these abstract works is the utilization of an inexplicit sympathy reaction from the peruser. In The Road Not Taken the perusers sympathy is provoked by the content, I will be telling this with a moan Somewhere ages and ages thus: (Kindle Locations 791-792) This segment is surmising lament for decisions made during a previous phase of life, which conjures sympathy and considerations of broken dreams. In the short story I Used to Live Here Once, the perusers sympathy is vexed with the stanza Her arms tumbled to her sides as she watched them stumbling into the grass to the house. That was the first occasion when she knew. (Encourage Locations 3792-3795) This last verse of the story leaves the peruser sympathizing with the characters acknowledgment of looking from the eyes of death. As indicated by Coplan, 2004, Several ongoing experimental investigations demonstrate that perusers will in general embrace a situation inside the spatiotemporal structure of accounts that depends on the situation of the hero. (p. 141) moreover, Coplan, 2004, likewise states Empathy coordinates intellectual and full of feeling forms, making a perplexing and dynamic mental experience that draws on various limits we have for associating and reacting to the world and those in it. The subjective segment of compassion includes utilizing the creative mind to experience a move from ones own psychological viewpoint to the intellectual point of view of the objective person. (p. 143-144) This normal mental point of view quality permits the perusers to distinguish and relate to the story characters in both scholarly works. By relating their creative mind perusers can encounter the characters agony, feelings, and points of view. This takes into account the perusers visual relationship without genuine physical affiliation. This is obvious in The Road Not Taken in which it states, Two streets separated in a yellow wood, And sorry I was unable to travel both And be one explorer, long I stood And looked down one as far as Possible To where it bowed in the undergrowth. (Arouse Locations 778-780) This conjures the perusers visual creative mind of looking down a street or road. In the sonnet I Used to Live Here Once, the accompanying extract permits the peruser to imagine the characters energy of being home. The street was a lot more extensive than it used to be nevertheless the work had been done heedlessly. The felled trees had not been gathered up and the hedges looked stomped on. However it was a similar street and she strolled along feeling exceptionally cheerful. (Ignite Locations 3759-3761) The met

Graduate School Philosophy and Goals Essays

Graduate School Philosophy and Goals Essays Graduate School Philosophy and Goals Essay Graduate School Philosophy and Goals Essay To me, gems configuration is a workmanship and a manner by which my inventiveness can radiate through. Growing up, I looked as my mom communicated her imagination and gifts through adornments in Korea and could see the delight that it brought to her and to the individuals who got her pieces. Afterward, as I started to plan gems, I understood how amazing it felt to make something exceptional for another person, or in any event, for myself. Regularly, the piece that you make has a nostalgic incentive for another person or, different occasions, it is the main thing on the planet that the individual has of any worth. The sentiment of designing something delightful from nothing is one that has remained with me from my childhood. As far as my objectives, I have as of late graduated subsequent to reading Jewelry Design for a long time as an undergrad, where I was on the Dean’s List. I have encountered the â€Å"real world† experience of working throughout a late spring temporary position and at my present manager since my graduation. For me, an advanced education would be the coherent subsequent stage in encouraging my profession and my craft of planning gems. While you can't train everything about planning adornments as I trust some of it basically originates from inside an individual and their own innovativeness, I am sure that I will have the option to become familiar with a lot about the business end and have the option to proceed with my instruction on issues that I discovered fascinating as an undergrad. As an alumni understudy, I plan to be tested by the educational program and have the option to concentrate under more educators, learn new strategies and experience more conclusions with the goal that I can bring that into my own vocation and become an effective adornments planner. :

Repetitive Thoughts Emotional Processing or Rumination

Repetitive Thoughts Emotional Processing or Rumination Stress Management Effects on Health Print How Rumination Differs From Emotional Processing By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on December 08, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Creative RM / Tara Moore / Getty Images Rumination is such a stress-magnifier, and many people are prone to it at one time or another. Rumination â€" the habit of obsessing over negative events that happened in the past â€" is associated with many negative effects, both on the mind and the body. Rumination, however, is an easy mode to slip into when we’re stressed, because it begins with the simple desire to solve the problems that are plaguing us. (Solving the problem, we reason with ourselves, will relieve our stress. How can this be a bad idea?) Those who do not examine, make sense of, and learn from the difficulties in their lives are destined to repeat them, we reason, so it becomes more difficult to let go of our ruminative tendencies. What’s a serenity-seeker to do? How Rumination Works Most people don’t set out to ruminate over their problems. Most of us want to be happy and want to focus on thoughts that make us happy. The problem comes in when something really frustrating, threatening, or insulting happens to us â€" something that is difficult to accept â€" and we can’t let it go. We may be trying to make sense of it in our mind, making an attempt to learn from it, or we may just be seeking validation that this should not have happened. Whatever the reason, though, we can’t stop thinking about it, and when we think about it, we become upset. The defining aspect of rumination that differentiates it from regular problem-solving is the unproductively negative focus it takes. Rumination may involve going over the details of a situation in one’s head or talking to friends about it. How Does Rumination Differ From Emotional Processing? If we don’t think about our problems, how can we hope to solve them or learn from the process? Should we just focus only on the positive? Don’t we sacrifice growth and solutions if we don’t focus on unpleasant situations from time to time? This is an important question; knowing the happy midpoint between ignoring problems and engaging in rumination can save us a lot of stress! Basically, rumination involves negative thought patterns that are immersive or repetitive. Many people slip into rumination when they are trying to process their emotions, but they become “stuck” in negative patterns of replaying past hurts without moving toward solutions or feelings of resolution. What distinguishes rumination or “dwelling on problems” from productive emotional processing or searching for solutions is that rumination doesn’t generate new ways of thinking, new behaviors, or new possibilities. Ruminative thinkers go over the same information repeatedly without change and stay in a negative mindset. Rumination can even be contagious in a way; it is possible for two people to engage in “co-rumination” and keep a negative situation alive between them with little movement toward the positive. Recognizing Rumination in Yourself What does rumination look like, and how is it different from productive emotional processing? Rumination and emotional processing both tend to focus on problems and usually on emotions surrounding these problems. Rumination, however, tends to have a more negative bent â€" often including thought patterns that involve pessimism and cognitive distortions and focusing mainly on the negative aspects of a situation. Emotional processing, by contrast, may start out this way, but leads to acceptance and release of negative emotions, while rumination keeps you stuck. As a general rule, if you find yourself focusing on a problem for more than a few idle minutes, feeling worse than you started out feeling, with no movement toward accepting and moving on, and no closer to a viable solution, you have probably fallen into the trap of rumination. Likewise with a conversation with a friend, if you both end up feeling worse afterward, youve likely just engaged in co-rumination. What to Do About Rumination Rumination can be really difficult to give up, especially if you dont recognize it as rumination, or you dont know how to stop. Letting go of stress and anger can help with ruminative thinking. Properly dealing with negative emotions can also help with rumination and the feelings of stress that come with it.

Macbeth Research Paper - 2300 Words

Matt Prieto Mr.Furlong English 3 14 February, 2011 The Collapse of an Ambitious Mind Ambition is a very desirous trait. Macbeth’s ambition leads him down the path to perform wicked deeds that ultimately lead to his demise. Throughout the play of Macbeth, Shakespeare utilizes many forms of imagery. Some forms of imagery are shown through the character’s appearance in clothing, light and darkness and blood imagery. The most dominant form of imagery in the play is expressed through the clothing worn by the characters. In Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare, Shakespeare utilizes imagery of clothing and equivocation to demonstrate Macbeths over ambitious mindset, which ultimately leads to his†¦show more content†¦He hath honored me of late, and I have brought Golden Opinions from all sorts of people, Which would be worn now in their newest gloss, Not cast aside so soon. Lady Macbeth responds, Was the hope drunk Wherein you dressed yourself?(1.7 34-40) Macbeth is explaining to his wife that he believes the two have received a higher rank already. He does not understand why he should take a risk and throw it all away. He wants them to enjoy their new positions in society. Macbeth believes that he is not ready to be king. He states that he wants to wear the clothes of the Thane for a little longer. However, Lady Macbeth responds by telling him to dress the part he acts like. Macbeth’s argument is destroyed and he continues as planned. He murders King Duncan. This is due to the ambitious nature of Macbeth. The death is a result of the intellectual seed that has been growing within the mind of Macbeth. He was told that he would become king but was never told of when it would happen or how it would happen. Through this equivocation, Macbeth takes matters into his own hands and kills King Duncan. This wicked deed only adds to the destruction of Macbeth. Equivocation is a major theme in Macbeth and is also seen in an article writte n by Gary Willis Equivocation of the Fiend. In this article Willis is discussing the Jesuits involved in the gun powder plot. He spoke about one Jesuit in particular. His name was Garnet. Garnet was the mastermind behindShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Research Paper1987 Words   |  8 Pages Macbeth Research Paper What qualities makes a person good or bad? Researchers of psychology define evil as, â€Å"dehumanization, diffusion of responsibility, obedience to authority, unjust systems, group pressure, moral disengagement,and annuity.† These reasons along with background information of a subject helps to identify why a subject may turn evil. Unfortunately, finding a clear cut definition for good was not as easy for researchers. According to the five year study of world-renownedRead More Macbeth Senior Research Paper1797 Words   |  8 Pagespeople begged for more. 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Essay on Scotts Miracle-Gro Case Solution - 1363 Words

Name: Elcra Brown Subject: Supply Chain Management (Intro) Paper Subject: Scotts Miracle-Gro Date: July 23, 2013 Scotts Miracle-Gro is the largest company in the North American lawn and garden industry. It is also the world’s leading supplier and marketers of consumer products for do it yourself lawn and garden care, including products for professional horticulture. This paper is mainly centered on two decisions which include either to make and or buy. In other words whether Scotts Miracle-Gro should keep manufacturing in Temecula located in California, outsource production to a contract company in China or to build a company in China and relocate production there. The paper will be divided into three parts in†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, upon close examination of the production line, it was concluded that there were a lot of disadvantages associated with the outsourcing of production some of which includes and is not limited to: †¢ Loss of quality †¢ Loss of cross functional collaboration between production line workers and RD department which will result in the loss of innovation †¢ Providing the equipment, knowledge and training to perform in-mold labeling to an outside contractor, something that once differentiates us from other major competitors or just foregoing in-mold labeling capabilities. †¢ Risk of increasing labor costs faster than expected which could directly impact the pricing of the products †¢ Increase lead time; defective products will not be caught until they arrive in the United States †¢ The inability of quick response (QR) due to the increase in lead time †¢ Risk of utility rates increasing faster than expected; due to the growing pressure on the Chinese government to improve environmental record. †¢ Possibly damaging the company’s goodwill in terms of not playing their part in CSR by increasing the carbon foot print by using China’s cheap energy source. †¢ Risk in changing policies as it relates to the importing of tax and duty free agricultural products †¢ Uncertainty of the Chinese government as it relates to the overvaluing of the Yaun. †¢ Transition costs associated with the moveShow MoreRelatedScotts Miracle Gro case solution1404 Words   |  6 Pagesobjective of this study is to decide the best decision for Scott’s Miracle-Gro on whether to outsource their production to china or stay in the Temecula plant in California. 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Rhetorical Modes Free Essays

Associate Program Material Appendix C Rhetorical Modes Matrix Rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. Complete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least 2 tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Modes or any similar topic only for you Order Now |Rhetorical Mode |Purpose – Explain when or why |Structure – Explain what organizational |Provide 2 tips for writing in | | |each rhetorical mode is used. method works best with each rhetorical mode. |each rhetorical mode. | |Narration |The purpose of a narration is |Narrations are usually best told in |First ask yourself if you want | | |to tell stories. Narrations can |chronological order. Chronological order is |to write about fiction or | | |be factual or fictional, either |the order in which events are told from |non-fiction. | | |way, they should engage the |beginning to end. Start with a strong | | |readers emotionally. | |introduction to hook your | | | | |readers. | | |An illustration clearly |The structure that works best with an |First decide on an interesting | |Illustration |demonstrates and supports a |illustration is by order of importance. Order|topic. | |point through the use of |of importance is the organizational method |Gather evidence that works in | | |evidence. |that arranges ideas by order of importance. |conjunction with your subject | | | | |and also engages the audience. | | | | | | Description |The purpose of description in |Descriptive essays are best told by spatial |Choose a subject that you wish | | |writing is to make sure the |order. Spatial order is the arrangement of |to describe, such as a person, | | |readers are fully in tune with |ideas based on physical characteristics or |place, or event. | | |the words on the page. appearance. |Fill every part of your essay | | | | |with full vivid sensory | | | | |details, which include alll of | | | | |the five senses. |Classification |The purpose of classification is|Classification essays are organized by its |Choose a topic you know a lot | | |to break down wide ranging |subcategories. It begins with an introduction|about. The more you know about | | |subjects into smaller, more |that introduces the broader topic and then |a topic the easier it will be | | |specific and manageable parts. |the thesis should include how and why the |to break down into groups. | | |topic is divided into subcategories and why. |Make sure you break down each | | | | |topic into three different | | | | |ways, it will help you to think| | | | |more originally . |Process |The purpose of process analysis |A process analysis essay is usually organized|You want to choose a topic that| |analysis |is to explain how something |by chronological order. The steps of the |is interesting, complex, and | | |works and how to do something. |process are told by the order in which they |can be conveyed in a series of | | | |occur. |steps. | | | |Choose a process that you know | | | | |well enough to describe the | | | | |finer details in each step of | | | | |the process. |Definition |The purpose of a definition |A definition essay is organized by opening |Choose a word or phrase complex| | |essay is to define a topic in a |with a general description of the term you |enough to write a bout at length| | |detailed and informative manner. |are defining. Then, you use your definition |or of personal revelance to be | | | |of the term as your thesis. You should also |considered engaging and | | | |use details and examples for the body, and |interesting. | | | |then tie in all the elements of the term and |The context of the term affects| | | |reinforce your thesis to conclude your essay. |the meaning and the definition. | | | | | | | | | | |Compare and |The purpose of a compare and |Compare and contrast essays can be organized |The thesis should clearly | |contrast |contrast essay is to analyze two|by the subjects themselves, first one then |convey why the subjects are | | |subjects that either compares or|the other, or by their individual points, |being compared or contrasted | | |contrasts them or does both. |which discusses each subject in regards to |and what will be learned from | | | |each point. |it. | | | | |Use phrase of comparison or | | | | |contrast to let readers know | | | |how the subjects are being | | | | |analyzed. | |Cause and |Cause and effect essays |There are two key ways that cause and effect |Choose an ev ent that has an | |effect |determine how various events |essays are organized. The first way is by |interesting cause and effect | | |are related. |beginning with the cause and then the effect |relationship, and introduce it | | | |or vice versa, you can begin with the effect |in an engaging way. | | | |and then the cause. Clearly explain and support the| | | | |causes and effects you discuss | | | | |with a wide range of evidence. | |Persuasion |The purpose of persuasion is to |A persuasion essay is made up of five |A thesis that clearly conveys | | |motivate, convince or sway |features. The first feature is the |the opinion of the writer in | | |readers to a certain point of |introduction and thesis. The second feature |clear, consise terms makes for | | |view or opinion. |is opposing and qualifying ideas. a better argument than one that| | | |The third feature is strong evidence in |is vague. | | | |support of the claim. |Be careful of the use of I in | | | |The fourth feature is the style and tone of |your writing, because it can | | | |the language you are using. Lastly, is a |make you seem overly biased and| | | |compelling conclusion. |it takes away from the topic at| | | | |hand. | How to cite Rhetorical Modes, Papers

Substance Abuse and Treatment for Adolescents free essay sample

In this paper I will discuss substance abuse among teens, causes, statistics, effects of substance abuse, current treatments, and the importance of developing appropriate treatment options for youth. Statistics Psychologist Gunter Swobota works with adolescent patients with drug and alcohol addictions. While they are able to obtain drugs, such as cocaine, with ease, Swobota feels the biggest problem among teenagers currently is alcohol abuse, which he says is reaching crisis proportions. Swobota, whose research statistics are primarily out of Australia, says that up to 30% of the adolescent population binge drinks at some point, and nearly 75% of those cases have been potentially harmful. He also says this closely compares to adolescents in southern California (Jones, 2009). Interestingly, Swobota says most parents he interacts with are reluctant to admit their children have substance abuse problems. Instead, most refer to their childrens issues as behavioral problem. Most often, the first sign of problems arising are deteriorating grades in school, which prompt parents to seek help (Jones, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Substance Abuse and Treatment for Adolescents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jean Paul Wils, who works for a program for troubled teens in the Netherlands, says that most of the students he works with come from broken homes, and have lived in poverty for most of their lives. The program Wils works for deals primarily with immigrants. It is estimated that 30 – 40% of adolescent immigrants in the Netherlands have alcohol and drug problems. A group of 14-year-olds were interviewed, and over half admitted to drinking. Of those, 75% admitted to binge drinking. Similar stories and statistics of teen alcohol and drug abuse is found in all countries (Jones, 2009). Recent estimates indicate that 53% of adolescents in the United States have experimented with an illicit drug by the time they graduated from high school. Of those, 32% experimented as early as eighth. It is believed that these estimates are extremely low, as they do not account for youth not attending school (Battjes, Gordon, and Kinlock, 2004). Adolescents living in the Northeast and in socioeconomically disadvantaged urban centers are at particularly high risk for marijuana and other illicit drug use (Adorno, Aguayo, Anderson, Black, Hodge, and Simmons, 2008). Causes Studies have shown that victimization during childhood can be a precursor to substance abuse. Victimization can occur in countless ways, including actual or threatened harm, physical violence, psychological abuse, and neglect. Children are twice as likely as adults to be victimized. Younger children are also more likely to be victimized by older children. Studies have shown that drug and alcohol use may be a coping mechanism for children who have been victimized. It is also proven that adolescents who have experienced victimization have a harder time engaging in substance abuse treatment (Cho, Gotham, And Perron, 2008). The instances of traumatic stress among adolescents in substance abuse treatment centers are high when compared to adolescents in the general community. When youth turn to illegal substances to cope with traumatic stress symptoms, it is a sign that the stress is out of control and needs to be addressed. Most practitioners are not adequately prepared to address traumatic stress. These issues need to be addressed during education or training of practitioners in order to fully treat substance abusers with traumatic stress, otherwise they are more likely to relapse (An, Hall, Smith, and Williams, 2008). Outcomes According to James A. Hall and Douglas C. Smith, substance abuse among adolescents is an enormous societal problem that we need to develop high quality and cost-effective treatment options for. Substance abuse problems during adolescence poses many risks for the future. Adolescents who use are more likely to have addictions as adults. They are also more likely to face delays in normal adult roles, such as relationships, employment, and education (Hall and Smith, 2007). Substance abuse during adolescence is not only a concern because of the direct effects of the substances, but also because they are a predictor of many other problems. It is associated with problems in school, criminal activity, bullying of other adolescents, cruelty to people and animals, and risky sexual activities. It is found that male adolescents are at a higher risk of criminal activity and cruelty to people (Battjes, Gordon, and Kinlock, 2004). Treatment There are many reasons why individuals, both children and adults, do not receive substance abuse treatment. The most commonly reported reason for not seeking treatment is a lack of a perceived need for treatment. According to statistics from 2003 and 2004 surveys, 90. 6% of adolescents with a need for alcohol treatment and 87. % of those needing treatment for drug abuse did not perceive a need for treatment. There are several other commonly mentioned reasons for not seeking treatment as well, including financial barriers, embarrassment or fear about getting treatment, lack of knowledge, and access issues (Adorno, Aguayo, Anderson, Black, Hodge, and Simmons, 2008). Research shows that adolescents seem to be less motivated than adults are to seek or stay in treatment, and that what motivation they have more likely emanates from pressures exerted by external agents such as court officials or family members (Breda and Heflinger, 2004). Female adolescents are reported to have a higher success rate for drug and alcohol treatment than males. For example, results of a study on 203 Native American teens undergoing mandated treatment show that 74. 5% of boys and 87. 1% of girls completed treatment. Of the teens involved in the study, many were referred after legal issues, including drug offenses and violent crimes. It is also reported that the success rate at this facility is higher than the national average, primarily because it has programs specifically tailored for the Native American community (London, 2009). Strengths-Oriented Family Therapy (SOFT) is a treatment program that was developed by social workers. SOFT has an approach similar to many other family therapies and consists of four main activities. First, a family based assessment and motivational feedback. Next, therapist works with individual families through several stages. During the third activity, groups of families are placed together for therapy sessions. In the final stage, SOFT offers case management as needed (Hall and Smith, 2007). Hall and Smith strongly support the SOFT model of treatment because there is such a large emphasis on the family, not just the individual seeking treatment. Statistics have shown that the quality of family relationships can predict adolescent drug use, so building a strong relationship between parent and child is extremely important. They also believe that the focus on positive language, like identifying strengths, staying solution focused, and striving for motivation, plays a major and effective role in treatment, by building the clients self-image and self-esteem (Hall and Smith, 2007). There are many publications dedicated to resources for substance abuse treatment, that include locations, services offered at each, and additional information about the facilities and staff. www. drugstrategies. org is an excellent resource with information for each state, as well as an 800 number that people with substance abuse issues can call to reach trained staff members. Additional resources and information can be found on each states website as well (Internal Medicine News, 2003). Another family based adolescent substance abuse treatment option is the Hartford Youth Project (HYP), based out of Connecticut. One of the most important aspects of HYP is the emphasis on outreach, which involves schools, child welfare, community agencies, families, treatment providers, and others. Outreach workers have proven to be effective in the treatment process by helping substance abusers access treatment and support services, gain skills, reinforcing behavioral change, and education (Adorno, Aguayo, Anderson, Black, Hodge, and Simmons, 2008). HYP’s goal is to reach youth in the community before they became involved with the criminal justice system, in hopes that this would also prevent substance abuse issues. The program was designed to quickly and continuously link families in need to supportive services as part of the intervention process. These supportive services include housing assistance, medical and mental health care, financial support, legal services, vocational training and educational support, transportation, and childcare. These services are considered as important to treatment success as the treatment services themselves, because they can lighten the burdens that lead people to substance abuse (Adorno, Aguayo, Anderson, Black, Hodge, and Simmons, 2008). One of the biggest foals of HYP is to fostering family involvement and build stronger relationships. The belief is that the active involvement of family members in the assessment and treatment planning process facilitates positive treatment outcomes. To accomplish this, family members are constantly involved. Meetings are set up where the child and family are most comfortable. Family members are asked for input on best ways to engage the child. Activities for the family outside of treatment are also an important part of the program and can include sport events, parties, fairs, and camp visits. All of this encourages the families involvement and reinforces the importance of their relationship with the child (Adorno, Aguayo, Anderson, Black, Hodge, and Simmons, 2008). Conclusion It is clear that drug use during adolescence is a serious problem that will likely affect the user for many years into their future. Without appropriate and effective treatment options they are more likely to struggle with addiction and many other problems as adults. It is important to come up with better treatment and prevention options before this problem spirals further out of control.